Salt, acid generator, resist composition and method for producing resist pattern

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a salt represented by formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein, in formula (I),
         Q 1  and Q 2  each independently represent a fluorine atom or the like,   R 1  and R 2  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like,   Z represents an integer of 0 to 6,   X 1  represents *—CO—O— or the like, where * represents a bonding site to C(R 1 )(R 2 ) or C(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),   L 1  represents a single bond or a saturated hydrocarbon group, and —CH 2 — included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO 2 — or —CO—,   A 1  represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent,   R a  represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and   Z +  represents an organic cation.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a salt for acid generator which is used for fine processing of a semiconductor, an acid generator including the salt, a resist composition and a method for producing a resist pattern.

BACKGROUND ART

JP 2007-161707 A mentions a salt represented by the following formula, and a resist composition including the salt as an acid generator.

JP 2007-145824 A mentions a salt represented by the following formula, and a resist composition including the salt as an acid generator.

JP 2008-074843 A mentions a salt represented by the following formula and a resist composition including the salt as an acid generator.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention provides a salt capable of producing a resist pattern with line edge roughness (LER) which is better than that of a resist pattern formed from the above-mentioned resist composition including a salt.

Means for Solving the Problems

The present invention includes the following inventions.

[1] A salt represented by formula (I):

wherein, in formula (I),

Q¹ and Q² each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R¹ and R² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

z represents an integer of 0 to 6, and when z is 2 or more, a plurality of R¹ and R² may be the same or different form each other,

X¹ represents *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—O—CO—O— or *—O—, where * represents a bonding site to C(R¹)(R²) or C(Q¹)(Q²),

L¹ represents a single bond or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—,

A¹ represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—,

R^(a) represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and when R^(a) is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group has at least one halogen atom, and

Z⁺ represents an organic cation.

[2] The salt according to [1], wherein X¹ represents *—CO—O— or *—O—CO—, where * represents a bonding site to C(R¹)(R²) or C(Q¹)(Q²). [3] The salt according to [1] or [2], wherein L¹ is a single bond, an alkanediyl group, where —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, or a group obtained by combining an alkanediyl group and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, where —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—. [4] The salt according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein R^(a) is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxy group. [5] An acid generator comprising the salt according to any one of [1] to [4]. [6] A resist composition comprising the acid generator according to [5] and a resin having an acid-labile group. [7] The resist composition according to [6], wherein a structural unit having an acid-labile group has at least two types of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2):

wherein, in formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2),

L^(a1) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bond to —CO—,

R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups,

m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14,

n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and

n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

[8] The resist composition according to [6] or [7], wherein the resin having an acid-labile group further includes a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A):

wherein, in formula (a2-A),

R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group,

A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom to which —R^(a50) is bonded,

A^(a52) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—,

nb represents 0 or 1, and

mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different form each other.

[9] The resist composition according to any one of [6] to [8], further comprising a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator. [10] The resist composition according to any one of [6] to [9], further comprising a resin including a structural unit having a fluorine atom. [11] A method for producing a resist pattern, which comprises:

-   -   (1) a step of applying, on a substrate, the resist composition         according to any one of [6] to [10],     -   (2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a         composition layer,     -   (3) a step of exposing the composition layer,     -   (4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and     -   (5) a step of developing the heated composition layer.

Effects of the Invention

It is possible to produce a resist pattern with satisfactory line edge roughness (LER) by using a resist composition using a salt of the present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

As used herein, “(meth)acrylic monomer” means at least one selected from the group consisting of a monomer having a structure of “CH₂═CH—CO—” and a monomer having a structure of “CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—”. Similarly, “(meth)acrylate” and “(meth)acrylic acid” each mean “at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid”. When a structural unit having “CH₂═C(CH₃)—CO—” or “CH₂═CH—CO—” is shown as an example, a structural unit having both groups shall be similarly shown as an example. In groups mentioned in the present description, regarding groups capable of having both a linear structure and a branched structure, they may have either the linear or branched structure. “Combined group” means a group in which two or more groups shown as examples are bonded by appropriately changing their valences. When stereoisomers exist, all stereoisomers are included.

As used herein, “solid component of resist composition” means the total of components excluding the below-mentioned solvent (E) from the total amount of the resist composition.

<Salt Represented by Formula (I)>

The present invention relates to a salt represented by formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “salt (I)”).

Of the salt (I), the side having negative charge is sometimes referred to as “anion (I)”, and the side having positive charge is sometimes referred to as “cation (I)”.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group of Q¹, Q², R¹ and R² in formula (1) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group and the like.

Preferably, Q¹ and Q² are each independently a trifluoromethyl group or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.

Preferably, R¹ and R² are each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.

z is preferably 0 or 1.

X¹ is preferably *—CO—O— or *—O—CO— (* represents a bond to C(R¹)(R²) or C(Q¹)(Q²)).

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L¹ include an alkanediyl group and a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups (e.g., divalent hydrocarbon group formed from an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an alkanediyl group).

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group, a dodecane-1,12-diyl group, a tridecane-1,13-diyl group, a tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, a pentadecane-1,15-diyl group, a hexadecane-1,16-diyl group and a heptadecane-1,17-diyl group;

branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group;

monocyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group; and

polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group.

—CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms of L¹ may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—.

When —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms represented by L is replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is regarded as the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the group in which —CH₂— included in L¹ is replaced by —O— or —CO— include a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a carboxy group and the like, and of these groups, a hydroxy group is preferable.

L¹ may be a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—), and is preferably a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), or a group obtained by combining an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—), more preferably a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—), and still more preferably, a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an adamantanediyl group (—CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—). In this case, two or more alkanediyl groups may be combined with an adamantanediyl group.

Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms of A¹ include a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the monocyclic divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkanediyl groups such as cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group.

Examples of the polycyclic divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-2,2-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group, an adamantane-2,6-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent which may be possessed by the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of A¹ include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, a nonyloxy group, a decyloxy group, an undecyloxy group, a dodecyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group obtained by combining two or more thereof include an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms and an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms.

The alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms and the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms represent a group in which a carbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group is bonded to the above-mentioned alkyl group or alkoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like, examples of the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group, and examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group and the like.

The divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by A¹ may have one substituent, or a plurality of substituents which are the same or different.

—CH₂— included in the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms of A¹ may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—.

When the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by A¹ has a substituent or —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is regarded as the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group.

The divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by A¹ is preferably a monocyclic divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a cyclopentanediyl group or a cyclohexanediyl group (—CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —SO₂), more preferably a cyclopentanediyl group or a cyclohexanediyl group, and still more preferably a cyclohexanediyl group.

Examples of the cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R^(a) include a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and the like.

Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group and the like.

Examples of the polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group and the like.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent which may be possessed by the cyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(a) include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a carboxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a group obtained by combining two or more of these groups.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, a nonyloxy group, a decyloxy group, an undecyloxy group, a dodecyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group obtained by combining two or more thereof include an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms and an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms.

The alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms, the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms and the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms represent a group in which a carbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group is bonded to the above-mentioned alkyl group or alkoxy group.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group and the like, examples of the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group and the like, and examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 13 carbon atoms include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group and the like.

The cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R^(a) may have one substituent or a plurality of substituents.

The cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R^(a) is preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which has a halogen atom, more preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which have a fluorine atom, and still more preferably a monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms which may have an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group having a fluorine atom.

Examples of the anion (I) include the following anions. Of these, anions represented by formula (Ia-1), formula (Ia-4), formula (Ia-5), formula (Ia-8) to formula (Ia-12), formula (Ia-14), formula (Ia-17), formula (Ia-18) and formula (Ia-21) to formula (Ia-25) are preferable.

Examples of the organic cation of Z⁺ include an organic onium cation, an organic sulfonium cation, an organic iodonium cation, an organic ammonium cation, a benzothiazolium cation and an organic phosphonium cation and the like. Of these organic cations, an organic sulfonium cation and an organic iodonium cation are preferable, and an arylsulfonium cation is more preferable. Specific examples thereof include a cation represented by any one of formula (b2-1) to formula (b2-4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “cation (b2-1)” according to the number of formula.

In formula (b2-1) to formula (b2-4),

R^(b4) to R^(b6) each independently represent a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the chain hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a glycidyloxy group, and a hydrogen atom included in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

R^(b4) and R^(b5) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b4) and R^(b5) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b7) and R^(b8) each independently represent a hydroxy group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

m2 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5,

when m2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b7) may be the same or different, and when n2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b8) may be the same or different,

R^(b9) and R^(b10) each independently represent a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms,

R^(b9) and R^(b10) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b9) and R^(b10) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b11) represents a hydrogen atom, a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,

R^(b12) represents a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the chain hydrocarbon may be substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

R^(b11) and R^(b12) may be bonded to each other to form a ring, including —CH—CO— to which R^(b11) and R^(b12) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the ring may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—,

R^(b13) to R^(b18) each independently represent a hydroxy group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

L^(b31) represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,

o2, p2, s2 and t2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5,

q2 and r2 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4,

u2 represents 0 or 1, and

when o2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b13) are the same or different, when p2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b14) are the same or different, when q2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b15) are the same or different, when r2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b16) are the same or different, when s2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b17) are the same or different, and when t2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(b18) are the same or different.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group represents a chain hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group and a 2-ethylhexyl group. Particularly, the chain hydrocarbon group of R^(b9) to R^(b12) preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group and a cyclodecyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups.

Particularly, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(b9) to R^(b12) preferably has 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a 2-methyladamantan-2-yl group, a 2-ethyladamantan-2-yl group, a 2-isopropyladamantan-2-yl group, a methylnorbornyl group, an isobornyl group and the like. In the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 20 or less.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a biphenylyl group, a naphthyl group and a phenanthryl group. The aromatic hydrocarbon group may have a chain hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a chain hydrocarbon group (a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a p-ethylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group, etc.) and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a p-cyclohexylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, etc.).

When a chain hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is included in the aromatic hydrocarbon group, a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable.

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an alkoxy group include a p-methoxyphenyl group and the like.

Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group include aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, a trityl group, a naphthylmethyl group and a naphthylethyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a heptyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a decyloxy group and a dodecyloxy group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include a methylcarbonyloxy group, an ethylcarbonyloxy group, a propylcarbonyloxy group, an isopropylcarbonyloxy group, a butylcarbonyloxy group, a sec-butylcarbonyloxy group, a tert-butylcarbonyloxy group, a pentylcarbonyloxy group, a hexylcarbonyloxy group, an octylcarbonyloxy group and a 2-ethylhexylcarbonyloxy group.

The ring formed by bonding R^(b4) and R^(b5) each other, together with sulfur atoms to which R^(b4) and R^(b5) are bonded, may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a ring having 3 to 18 carbon atoms and is preferably a ring having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. The ring containing a sulfur atom includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring and includes, for example, the following rings and the like. * represents a bonding site.

The ring formed by combining R^(b9) and R^(b10) together may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring. The ring includes, for example, a thiolan-1-ium ring (tetrahydrothiophenium ring), a thian-1-ium ring, a 1,4-oxathian-4-ium ring and the like.

The ring formed by combining R^(b11) and R^(b12) together may be a monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, nonaromatic, saturated or unsaturated ring. This ring includes a 3-membered to 12-membered ring and is preferably a 3-membered to 7-membered ring. Examples thereof include an oxocycloheptane ring, an oxocyclohexane ring, an oxonorbornane ring, an oxoadamantane ring and the like.

Of cation (b2-1) to cation (b2-4), a cation (b2-1) is preferable.

Examples of the cation (b2-1) include the following cations.

Examples of the cation (b2-2) include the following cations.

Examples of the cation (b2-3) include the following cations.

Examples of the cation (b2-4) include the following cations.

Examples of the salt (I) include salts shown in Table 1. For example, in Table 1, the salt (I-1) is a salt composed of an anion represented by formula (Ia-1) and a cation represented by formula (b2-c-1) and is the following salt.

TABLE 1 Salt (I) Anion (I) Cation (I) (I-1) (Ia-1) (b2-c-1) (I-2) (Ia-2) (b2-c-1) (I-3) (Ia-3) (b2-c-1) (I-4) (Ia-4) (b2-c-1) (I-5) (Ia-5) (b2-c-1) (I-6) (Ia-6) (b2-c-1) (I-7) (Ia-7) (b2-c-1) (I-8) (Ia-8) (b2-c-1) (I-9) (Ia-9) (b2-c-1) (I-10) (Ia-10) (b2-c-1) (I-11) (Ia-11) (b2-c-1) (I-12) (Ia-12) (b2-c-1) (I-13) (Ia-13) (b2-c-1) (I-14) (Ia-14) (b2-c-1) (I-15) (Ia-15) (b2-c-1) (I-16) (Ia-16) (b2-c-1) (I-17) (Ia-17) (b2-c-1) (I-18) (Ia-18) (b2-c-1) (I-19) (Ia-1) (b2-c-10) (I-20) (Ia-2) (b2-c-10) (I-21) (Ia-3) (b2-c-10) (I-22) (Ia-4) (b2-c-10) (I-23) (Ia-5) (b2-c-10) (I-24) (Ia-6) (b2-c-10) (I-25) (Ia-7) (b2-c-10) (I-26) (Ia-8) (b2-c-10) (I-27) (Ia-9) (b2-c-10) (I-28) (Ia-10) (b2-c-10) (I-29) (Ia-11) (b2-c-10) (I-30) (Ia-12) (b2-c-10) (I-31) (Ia-13) (b2-c-10) (I-32) (Ia-14) (b2-c-10) (I-33) (Ia-15) (b2-c-10) (I-34) (Ia-16) (b2-c-10) (I-35) (Ia-17) (b2-c-10) (I-36) (Ia-18) (b2-c-10) (I-37) (Ia-1) (b2-c-12) (I-38) (Ia-2) (b2-c-12) (I-39) (Ia-3) (b2-c-12) (I-40) (Ia-4) (b2-c-12) (I-41) (Ia-5) (b2-c-12) (I-42) (Ia-6) (b2-c-12) (I-43) (Ia-7) (b2-c-12) (I-44) (Ia-8) (b2-c-12) (I-45) (Ia-9) (b2-c-12) (I-46) (Ia-10) (b2-c-12) (I-47) (Ia-11) (b2-c-12) (I-48) (Ia-12) (b2-c-12) (I-49) (Ia-13) (b2-c-12) (I-50) (Ia-14) (b2-c-12) (I-51) (Ia-15) (b2-c-12) (I-52) (Ia-16) (b2-c-12) (I-53) (Ia-17) (b2-c-12) (I-54) (Ia-18) (b2-c-12) (I-55) (Ia-1) (b2-c-14) (I-56) (Ia-2) (b2-c-14) (I-57) (Ia-3) (b2-c-14) (I-58) (Ia-4) (b2-c-14) (I-59) (Ia-5) (b2-c-14) (I-60) (Ia-6) (b2-c-14) (I-61) (Ia-7) (b2-c-14) (I-62) (Ia-8) (b2-c-14) (I-63) (Ia-9) (b2-c-14) (I-64) (Ia-10) (b2-c-14) (I-65) (Ia-11) (b2-c-14) (I-66) (Ia-12) (b2-c-14) (I-67) (Ia-13) (b2-c-14) (I-68) (Ia-14) (b2-c-14) (I-69) (Ia-15) (b2-c-14) (I-70) (Ia-16) (b2-c-14) (I-71) (Ia-17) (b2-c-14) (I-72) (Ia-18) (b2-c-14) (I-73) (Ia-1) (b2-c-18) (I-74) (Ia-2) (b2-c-18) (I-75) (Ia-3) (b2-c-18) (I-76) (Ia-4) (b2-c-18) (I-77) (Ia-5) (b2-c-18) (I-78) (Ia-6) (b2-c-18) (I-79) (Ia-7) (b2-c-18) (I-80) (Ia-8) (b2-c-18) (I-81) (Ia-9) (b2-c-18) (I-82) (Ia-10) (b2-c-18) (I-83) (Ia-11) (b2-c-18) (I-84) (Ia-12) (b2-c-18) (I-85) (Ia-13) (b2-c-18) (I-86) (Ia-14) (b2-c-18) (I-87) (Ia-15) (b2-c-18) (I-88) (Ia-16) (b2-c-18) (I-89) (Ia-17) (b2-c-18) (I-90) (Ia-18) (b2-c-18) (I-91) (Ia-1) (b2-c-19) (I-92) (Ia-2) (b2-c-19) (I-93) (Ia-3) (b2-c-19) (I-94) (Ia-4) (b2-c-19) (I-95) (Ia-5) (b2-c-19) (I-96) (Ia-6) (b2-c-19) (I-97) (Ia-7) (b2-c-19) (I-98) (Ia-8) (b2-c-19) (I-99) (Ia-9) (b2-c-19) (I-100) (Ia-10) (b2-c-19) (I-101) (Ia-11) (b2-c-19) (I-102) (Ia-12) (b2-c-19) (I-103) (Ia-13) (b2-c-19) (I-104) (Ia-14) (b2-c-19) (I-105) (Ia-15) (b2-c-19) (I-106) (Ia-16) (b2-c-19) (I-107) (Ia-17) (b2-c-19) (I-108) (Ia-18) (b2-c-19) (I-109) (Ia-1) (b2-c-20) (I-110) (Ia-2) (b2-c-20) (I-111) (Ia-3) (b2-c-20) (I-112) (Ia-4) (b2-c-20) (I-113) (Ia-5) (b2-c-20) (I-114) (Ia-6) (b2-c-20) (I-115) (Ia-7) (b2-c-20) (I-116) (Ia-8) (b2-c-20) (I-117) (Ia-9) (b2-c-20) (I-118) (Ia-10) (b2-c-20) (I-119) (Ia-11) (b2-c-20) (I-120) (Ia-12) (b2-c-20) (I-121) (Ia-13) (b2-c-20) (I-122) (Ia-14) (b2-c-20) (I-123) (Ia-15) (b2-c-20) (I-124) (Ia-16) (b2-c-20) (I-125) (Ia-17) (b2-c-20) (I-126) (Ia-18) (b2-c-20) (I-127) (Ia-1) (b2-c-27) (I-128) (Ia-2) (b2-c-27) (I-129) (Ia-3) (b2-c-27) (I-130) (Ia-4) (b2-c-27) (I-131) (Ia-5) (b2-c-27) (I-132) (Ia-6) (b2-c-27) (I-133) (Ia-7) (b2-c-27) (I-134) (Ia-8) (b2-c-27) (I-135) (Ia-9) (b2-c-27) (I-136) (Ia-10) (b2-c-27) (I-137) (Ia-11) (b2-c-27) (I-138) (Ia-12) (b2-c-27) (I-139) (Ia-13) (b2-c-27) (I-140) (Ia-14) (b2-c-27) (I-141) (Ia-15) (b2-c-27) (I-142) (Ia-16) (b2-c-27) (I-143) (Ia-17) (b2-c-27) (I-144) (Ia-18) (b2-c-27) (I-145) (Ia-1) (b2-c-30) (I-146) (Ia-2) (b2-c-30) (I-147) (Ia-3) (b2-c-30) (I-148) (Ia-4) (b2-c-30) (I-149) (Ia-5) (b2-c-30) (I-150) (Ia-6) (b2-c-30) (I-151) (Ia-7) (b2-c-30) (I-152) (Ia-8) (b2-c-30) (I-153) (Ia-9) (b2-c-30) (I-154) (Ia-10) (b2-c-30) (I-155) (Ia-11) (b2-c-30) (I-156) (Ia-12) (b2-c-30) (I-157) (Ia-13) (b2-c-30) (I-158) (Ia-14) (b2-c-30) (I-159) (Ia-15) (b2-c-30) (I-160) (Ia-16) (b2-c-30) (I-161) (Ia-17) (b2-c-30) (I-162) (Ia-18) (b2-c-30) (I-163) (Ia-1) (b2-c-31) (I-164) (Ia-2) (b2-c-31) (I-165) (Ia-3) (b2-c-31) (I-166) (Ia-4) (b2-c-31) (I-167) (Ia-5) (b2-c-31) (I-168) (Ia-6) (b2-c-31) (I-169) (Ia-7) (b2-c-31) (I-170) (Ia-8) (b2-c-31) (I-171) (Ia-9) (b2-c-31) (I-172) (Ia-10) (b2-c-31) (I-173) (Ia-11) (b2-c-31) (I-174) (Ia-12) (b2-c-31) (I-175) (Ia-13) (b2-c-31) (I-176) (Ia-14) (b2-c-31) (I-177) (Ia-15) (b2-c-31) (I-178) (Ia-16) (b2-c-31) (I-179) (Ia-17) (b2-c-31) (I-180) (Ia-18) (b2-c-31) (I-181) (Ia-19) (b2-c-1) (I-182) (Ia-20) (b2-c-1) (I-183) (Ia-19) (b2-c-10) (I-184) (Ia-20) (b2-c-10) (I-185) (Ia-19) (b2-c-12) (I-186) (Ia-20) (b2-c-12) (I-187) (Ia-19) (b2-c-14) (I-188) (Ia-20) (b2-c-14) (I-189) (Ia-19) (b2-c-18) (I-190) (Ia-20) (b2-c-18) (I-191) (Ia-19) (b2-c-19) (I-192) (Ia-20) (b2-c-19) (I-193) (Ia-19) (b2-c-20) (I-194) (Ia-20) (b2-c-20) (I-195) (Ia-19) (b2-c-27) (I-196) (Ia-20) (b2-c-27) (I-197) (Ia-19) (b2-c-30) (I-198) (Ia-20) (b2-c-30) (I-199) (Ia-19) (b2-c-31) (I-200) (Ia-20) (b2-c-31) (I-201) (Ia-21) (b2-c-1) (I-202) (Ia-22) (b2-c-1) (I-203) (Ia-23) (b2-c-1) (I-204) (Ia-24) (b2-c-1) (I-205) (Ia-25) (b2-c-1) (I-206) (Ia-21) (b2-c-10) (I-207) (Ia-22) (b2-c-10) (I-208) (Ia-23) (b2-c-10) (I-209) (Ia-24) (b2-c-10) (I-210) (Ia-25) (b2-c-10) (I-211) (Ia-21) (b2-c-12) (I-212) (Ia-22) (b2-c-12) (I-213) (Ia-23) (b2-c-12) (I-214) (Ia-24) (b2-c-12) (I-215) (Ia-25) (b2-c-12) (I-216) (Ia-21) (b2-c-14) (I-217) (Ia-22) (b2-c-14) (I-218) (Ia-23) (b2-c-14) (I-219) (Ia-24) (b2-c-14) (I-220) (Ia-25) (b2-c-14) (I-221) (Ia-21) (b2-c-18) (I-222) (Ia-22) (b2-c-18) (I-223) (Ia-23) (b2-c-18) (I-224) (Ia-24) (b2-c-18) (I-225) (Ia-25) (b2-c-18) (I-226) (Ia-21) (b2-c-19) (I-227) (Ia-22) (b2-c-19) (I-228) (Ia-23) (b2-c-19) (I-229) (Ia-24) (b2-c-19) (I-230) (Ia-25) (b2-c-19) (I-231) (Ia-21) (b2-c-20) (I-232) (Ia-22) (b2-c-20) (I-233) (Ia-23) (b2-c-20) (I-234) (Ia-24) (b2-c-20) (I-235) (Ia-25) (b2-c-20) (I-236) (Ia-21) (b2-c-27) (I-237) (Ia-22) (b2-c-27) (I-238) (Ia-23) (b2-c-27) (I-239) (Ia-24) (b2-c-27) (I-240) (Ia-25) (b2-c-27) (I-241) (Ia-21) (b2-c-30) (I-242) (Ia-22) (b2-c-30) (I-243) (Ia-23) (b2-c-30) (I-244) (Ia-24) (b2-c-30) (I-245) (Ia-25) (b2-c-30) (I-246) (Ia-21) (b2-c-31) (I-247) (Ia-22) (b2-c-31) (I-248) (Ia-23) (b2-c-31) (I-249) (Ia-24) (b2-c-31) (I-250) (Ia-25) (b2-c-31)

Of these salts, the salt (I) preferably includes salt (I-1), salt (I-4), salt (I-5), salt (I-8) to salt (I-12), salt (I-14), salt (I-17), salt (I-18), salt (I-19), salt (I-22), salt (I-23), salt (I-26) to salt (I-30), salt (I-32), salt (I-35), salt (I-36), salt (I-37), salt (I-40), salt (I-41), salt (I-44) to salt (I-48), salt (I-50), salt (I-53), salt (I-54), salt (I-55), salt (I-58), salt (I-59), salt (I-62) to salt (I-66), salt (I-68), salt (I-71), salt (I-712), salt (I-73), salt (I-76), salt (I-77), salt (I-80) to salt (I-84), salt (I-86), salt (I-89), salt (I-90), salt (I-91), salt (I-94), salt (I-95), salt (I-98) to salt (I-102), salt (I-104), salt (I-107), salt (I-108), salt (I-109), salt (I-112), salt (I-113), salt (I-116) to salt (I-120), salt (I-122), salt (I-125), salt (I-126), salt (I-127), salt (I-130), salt (I-131), salt (I-134) to salt (I-138), salt (I-140), salt (I-143), salt (I-144), salt (I-145), salt (I-148), salt (I-149), salt (I-152) to salt (I-156), salt (I-158), salt (I-161), salt (I-162), salt (I-163), salt (I-166), salt (I-167), salt (I-170) to salt (I-174), salt (I-176), salt (I-179), salt (I-180) and salt (I-201) to salt (I-250).

<Method for Producing Salt (I)>

A salt in which X¹ is *—CO—O— in the salt (I) (salt represented by formula (I1)) can be produced, for example, by reacting a salt represented by formula (I1-a) with carbonyldiimidazole in a solvent, followed by further reaction with a compound represented by formula (I1-b):

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include chloroform, acetonitrile and the like.

The reaction temperature is usually 5° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

The salt represented by formula (I1-a) includes, for example, a salt represented by the following and can be produced by the method mentioned in JP 2008-127367 A.

The compound represented by formula (I1-b) includes compounds represented by the following formulas and is easily available on the market, and can be easily produced by a known method.

A salt in which X¹ is *—O—CO—O— in the salt (I) (salt represented by formula (I2)) can be produced, for example, by reacting a salt represented by formula (I2-a) with carbonyldiimidazole in a solvent, followed by a reaction with a compound represented by formula (I1-b).

The salt represented by formula (I2) can also be produced, for example, by reacting a compound represented by formula (I1-b) with carbonyldiimidazole in a solvent, followed by a reaction with a salt represented by formula (I2-a):

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include chloroform, acetonitrile and the like.

The reaction temperature is usually 5° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

The salt represented by formula (I2-a) includes, for example, a salt represented by the following, and can be produced by the method mentioned in JP 2012-193170 A.

A salt in which X¹ is *—O—CO— in the salt (I) (salt represented by formula (I3)) can be produced, for example, by reacting a compound represented by formula (I3-b) with carbonyldiimidazole in a solvent, followed by a reaction with a salt represented by formula (I2-a):

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include chloroform, acetonitrile and the like.

The reaction temperature is usually 5° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

The compound represented by formula (I3-b) includes compounds represented by the following formulas, which are easily available on the market.

A slat in which X¹ is —O— in the salt (I) (salt represented by formula (I4)) can be obtained by reacting a salt represented by formula (I2-a) with a compound represented by formula (I1-b) in the presence of a base in a solvent:

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

Examples of the base in this reaction include potassium hydroxide and the like.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include acetonitrile and the like.

The reaction temperature is usually 5° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

It is possible to produce a salt in which L¹ is *-L^(I4)-Ad-L^(I5)-O—CO—O-L^(I6)- in the salt (I) (salt represented by formula (I5))(L^(I4), L^(I5) and L^(I6) each independently represent a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one of L^(I4), L^(I5) and L^(I6) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Ad represents an adamantanediyl group, and * represents a bonding site to X¹), for example, by reacting a salt represented by formula (I5-a) with a compound represented by formula (I5-b) in a solvent:

wherein all symbols are the same as defined above.

The reaction temperature is usually 5° C. to 80° C., and the reaction time is usually 0.5 hour to 24 hours.

Examples of the solvent in this reaction include chloroform, acetonitrile and the like.

The salt represented by formula (I5-a) includes, for example, salts represented by the following, and can be produced by the method mentioned in JP 2012-72109 A.

The compound represented by formula (I5-b) includes, for example, a compound represented by formula (I1-b).

<Acid Generator>

The acid generator of the present invention is an acid generator including the salt (I). The salt (I) may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.

The acid generator of the present invention may include, in addition to the salt (I), an acid generator known in the resist field (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “acid generator (B)”). The acid generator (B) may be used alone, or two or more acid generators may be used in combination.

Either nonionic or ionic acid generator may be used as the acid generator (B). Examples of the nonionic acid generator include sulfonate esters (e.g., 2-nitrobenzyl ester, aromatic sulfonate, oxime sulfonate, N-sulfonyloxyimide, sulfonyloxyketone, diazonaphthoquinone 4-sulfonate), sulfones (e.g., disulfone, ketosulfone, sulfonyldiazomethane) and the like. Typical examples of the ionic acid generator include onium salts containing an onium cation (e.g., diazonium salt, phosphonium salt, sulfonium salt, iodonium salt). Examples of the anion of the onium salt include sulfonic acid anion, sulfonylimide anion, sulfonylmethide anion and the like.

Specific examples of the acid generator (B) include compounds generating an acid upon exposure to radiation mentioned in JP 63-26653 A, JP 55-164824 A, JP 62-69263 A, JP 63-146038 A, JP 63-163452 A, JP 62-153853 A, JP 63-146029 A, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,779,778, 3,849,137, DE Patent No. 3914407 and EP Patent No. 126,712. Compounds produced by a known method may also be used. Two or more acid generators (B) may also be used in combination.

The acid generator (B) is preferably a fluorine-containing acid generator, and more preferably a salt represented by formula (B1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “acid generator (B1)”, excluding the salt (I)):

wherein, in formula (B1),

Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

L^(b1) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group,

Y represents a methyl group which may have a substituent or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂—, or —CO—, and

Z1⁺ represents an organic cation.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group represented by Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group and a perfluorohexyl group.

Preferably, Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) are each independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, and more preferably, both are fluorine atoms.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in L^(b1) include a linear alkanediyl group, a branched alkanediyl group, and a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, or the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be a group formed by combining two or more of these groups.

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group, a dodecane-1,12-diyl group, a tridecane-1,13-diyl group, a tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, a pentadecane-1,15-diyl group, a hexadecane-1,16-diyl group and a heptadecane-1,17-diyl group;

branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group;

monocyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups which are cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group; and

polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L^(b1) is replaced by —O— or —CO— includes, for example, a group represented by any one of formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3). In groups represented by formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3) and groups represented by formula (b1-4) to formula (b1-11) which are specific examples thereof, * and ** represent a bonding site, and * represents a bond to —Y.

In formula (b1-1),

L^(b2) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b3) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b2) and L^(b3) is 22 or less.

In formula (b1-2),

L^(b4) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b5) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b4) and L^(b5) is 22 or less.

In formula (b1-3),

L^(b6) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group,

L^(b7) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b6) and L^(b7) is 23 or less.

In groups represented by formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3), when —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group is replaced by —O— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms before replacement is taken as the number of carbon atoms of the saturated hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L^(b1).

L^(b2) is preferably a single bond.

L^(b3) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

L^(b4) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.

L^(b5) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b6) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom.

L^(b7) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L^(b1) is replaced by —O— or —CO— is preferably a group represented by formula (b1-1) or formula (b1-3).

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-1) include groups represented by formula (b1-4) to formula (b1-8).

In formula (b1-4),

L^(b8) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group.

In formula (b1-5),

L^(b9) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

L^(b10) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b9) and L^(b10) is 20 or less.

In formula (b1-6),

L^(b11) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b12) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b11) and L^(b12) is 21 or less.

In formula (b1-7),

L^(b13) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms,

L^(b14) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

L^(b15) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b13) to L^(b15) is 19 or less.

In formula (b1-8),

L^(b16) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

L^(b17) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,

L^(b18) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b16) to L^(b18) is 19 or less.

L^(b8) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

L^(b9) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b10) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b11) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b12) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b13) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

L^(b14) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

L^(b15) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(b16) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

L^(b17) is preferably a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

L^(b18) is preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-3) include groups represented by formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11).

In formula (b1-9),

L^(b19) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b20) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 23 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b1)9 and L^(b20) is 23 or less.

In formula (b1-10),

L^(b21) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b22) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b23) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b21), L^(b22) and L^(b23) is 21 or less.

In formula (b1-11),

L^(b24) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom,

L^(b25) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms,

L^(b26) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an alkylcarbonyloxy group, —CH₂— included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkylcarbonyloxy group may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and

the total number of carbon atoms of L^(b24), L^(b25) and L^(b26) is 21 or less.

In groups represented by formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11), when a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group is substituted with an alkylcarbonyloxy group, the number of carbon atoms before substitution is taken as the number of carbon atoms of the saturated hydrocarbon group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group, a cyclohexylcarbonyloxy group, an adamantylcarbonyloxy group and the like.

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-4) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-5) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-6) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-7) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-8) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-2) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-9) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-10) include the followings:

Examples of the group represented by formula (b1-11) include the followings:

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y include groups represented by formula (Y1) to formula (Y11) and formula (Y36) to formula (Y38).

When —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—, the number may be 1, or 2 or more. Examples of such group include groups represented by formula (Y12) to formula (Y35) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y41).

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is preferably a group represented by any one of formula (Y1) to formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y41), more preferably a group represented by formula (Y11), formula (Y15), formula (Y16), formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31), formula (Y39) or formula (Y40), and still more preferably a group represented by formula (Y11), formula (Y15), formula (Y20), formula (Y26), formula (Y27), formula (Y30), formula (Y31), formula (Y39) or formula (Y40).

When the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y is a spiro ring such as formula (Y28) to formula (Y35) and formula (Y39) to formula (Y40), the alkanediyl group between two oxygen atoms preferably has one or more fluorine atoms. Of alkanediyl groups included in a ketal structure, it is preferable that a methylene group adjacent to the oxygen atom should not be substituted with a fluorine atom.

Examples of the substituent of the methyl group represented by Y include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a glycidyloxy group, a —(CH₂)_(ja)—CO—O—R^(b1) group or a —(CH₂)_(ja)—O—CO—R^(b1) group (wherein R^(b1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, groups obtained by combining these groups, ja represents an integer of 0 to 4, and —CH₂— included in an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms may be replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—) and the like.

Examples of the substituent of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by Y include a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a glycidyloxy group, a —(CH₂)_(ja)—CO—O—R^(b1) group or —(CH₂)_(ja)—O—CO—R^(b1) group (wherein R^(b1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, groups obtained by combining these groups, ja represents an integer of 0 to 4, and —CH₂— included in the alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms may be replaced by —O—, —S(O)₂— or —CO— and the like.

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group and the like.

The aromatic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group; and aryl groups such as a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a biphenyl group, a phenanthryl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group and a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl.

The alkyl group includes, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group include hydroxyalkyl groups such as a hydroxymethyl group and a hydroxyethyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a heptyloxy group, an octyloxy group, a decyloxy group and a dodecyloxy group.

Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, a naphthylmethyl group and a naphthylethyl group.

The alkylcarbonyl group includes, for example, an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group.

Examples of Y include the followings.

Y is preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, more preferably an adamantyl group which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or the adamantyl group may be replaced by —CO—, —S(O)₂— or —CO—. Y is still more preferably an adamantyl group, a hydroxyadamantyl group, an oxoadamantyl group, or groups represented by the following formulas.

The anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) is preferably anions represented by formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-55) [hereinafter sometimes referred to as “anion (B1-A-1)” according to the number of formula], and more preferably an anion represented by any one of formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-4), formula (B1-A-9), formula (B1-A-10), formula (B1-A-24) to formula (B1-A-33), formula (B1-A-36) to formula (B1-A-40) and formula (B1-A-47) to formula (B1-A-55).

R¹² to R¹⁷ each independently represent, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. R¹⁸ is, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms or groups formed by combining these groups, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group. L^(A41) is a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Q^(b1) and Q^(b2) are the same as defined above.

Specific examples of the anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) include anions mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A.

The anion in the salt represented by formula (B1) preferably includes anions represented by formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-34).

Of these, an anion represented by any one of formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-3) and formula (B1a-7) to formula (B1a-16), formula (B1a-18), formula (B1a-19) and formula (B1a-22) to formula (B1a-34) is preferable.

Examples of the organic cation of Z1⁺ include an organic onium cation, an organic sulfonium cation, an organic iodonium cation, an organic ammonium cation, a benzothiazolium cation and an organic phosphonium cation. Of these, an organic sulfonium cation and an organic iodonium cation are preferable, and an aryl sulfonium cation is more preferable.

Examples of Z1⁺ in formula (B1) include those which are the same as that in the salt (I).

The acid generator (B) is a combination of the anion mentioned above and the organic cation mentioned above, and these can be optionally combined. The acid generator (B) preferably includes a combination of an anion represented by any one of formula (B1a-1) to formula (B1a-3), formula (B1a-7) to formula (B1a-16), formula (B1a-18), formula (B1a-19) and formula (B1a-22) to formula (B1a-34) with a cation (b2-1) or a cation (b2-3).

The acid generator (B) preferably includes those represented by formula (B1-1) to formula (B1-48), and of these acid generators, those containing an arylsulfonium cation are preferable and those represented by formula (B1-1) to formula (B1-3), formula (B1-5) to formula (B1-7), formula (B1-11) to formula (B1-14), formula (B1-20) to formula (B1-26), formula (B1-29) and formula (B1-31) to formula (B1-48) are particularly preferable.

When the salt (I) and the acid generator (B) are included as the acid generator, a ratio of the content of the salt (I) and that of the acid generator (B) (mass ratio; salt (I):acid generator (B)) is usually 1:99 to 99:1, preferably 2:98 to 98:2, more preferably 5:95 to 95:5, still more preferably 10:90 to 90:10, and particularly preferably 15:85 to 85:15.

<Resist Composition>

The resist composition of the present invention includes an acid generator including a salt (I) and a resin having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin (A)”). The “acid-labile group” means a group having a leaving group which is eliminated by contact with an acid, thus converting a constitutional unit into a constitutional unit having a hydrophilic group (e.g. a hydroxy group or a carboxy group).

The resist composition of the present invention preferably includes a quencher such as a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “quencher (C)”), and preferably includes a solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “solvent (E)”).

<Resin (A)>

The resin (A) includes a structural unit having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1)”). It is preferable that the resin (A) further include a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1). Examples of the structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) include a structural unit having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (s)”), a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) and the structural unit (s) (e.g. a structural unit having a halogen atom mentioned later (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a4)”), a structural unit having a non-leaving hydrocarbon group mentioned later (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a5))) and other structural units derived from monomers known in the art.

<Structural Unit (a1)>

The structural unit (a1) is derived from a monomer having an acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “monomer (a1)”).

The acid-labile group contained in the resin (A) is preferably a group represented by formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as group (1)) and/or a group represented by formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as group (2)):

wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or groups obtained by combining these groups, or R^(a)d and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms together with carbon atoms to which R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded,

ma and na each independently represent 0 or 1, and at least one of ma and na represents 1, and

* represents a bond:

wherein, in formula (2), R^(a1′) and R^(a2′) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R^(a3′) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms together with carbon atoms and X to which R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group and the heterocyclic ring may be replaced by —O— or —S—,

X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,

na′ represents 0 or 1, and

* represents a bond.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group and the like.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group. Examples of the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bond). The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) is preferably 3 to 16.

The group obtained by combining an alkyl group with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, a for example, a methylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylnorbornyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group, a norbornylethyl group and the like.

Preferably, ma is 0 and na is 1.

When R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, examples of —C(R^(a1))(R^(a2))(R^(a3)) include the following groups. The alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably has 3 to 12 carbon atoms. * represents a bond to —O—.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(a1′), R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and groups obtained by combining these groups.

Examples of the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include those which are the same as mentioned in R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3).

Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a p-methylphenyl group, a p-tert-butylphenyl group, a p-adamantylphenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a biphenyl group, a phenanthryl group, a 2,6-diethylphenyl group and a 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl group.

Examples of the combined group include a group obtained by combining the above-mentioned alkyl group and alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group, and an aryl-cyclohexyl group such as a phenylcyclohexyl group.

When R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded to each other to form a heterocyclic ring together with carbon atoms and X to which R^(a2′) and R^(a3′) are bonded, examples of —C(R^(a1′))(R^(a3′))—X—R^(a2′)-include the following ring. * represents a bonding site.

Of R^(a1′) and R^(a2′), at least one is preferably a hydrogen atom.

na′ is preferably 0.

Examples of the group (1) include the following groups.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) are alkyl groups, ma=0 and na=1. The group is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded to each other to form an adamantyl group together with carbon atoms to which R^(a1) and R^(a2) are bonded, R^(a3) is an alkyl group, ma=0 and na=1.

A group wherein, in formula (1), R^(a1) and R^(a2) are each independently an alkyl group, R^(a3) is an adamantyl group, ma=0 and na=1.

Specific examples of the group (1) include the following groups. * represents a bond.

Specific examples of the group (2) include the following groups. * represents a bond.

The monomer (a1) is preferably a monomer having an acid-labile group and an ethylenic unsaturated bond, and more preferably a (meth)acrylic monomer having an acid-labile group.

Of the (meth)acrylic monomers having an acid-labile group, those having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms are preferably shown as examples. When a resin (A) including a structural unit derived from a monomer (a1) having a bulky structure such as an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is used in a resist composition, it is possible to improve the resolution of a resist pattern.

Examples of the structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic monomer having a group (1) include a structural unit represented by formula (a1-0) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-0)), a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-1)) or a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as structural unit (a1-2)). Preferably, the structural unit is at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a1-1) and a structural unit (a1-2). These structural units may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination.

In formula (a1-0), formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2),

L^(a01), L^(a1) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bonding site to —CO—,

R^(a01), R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a02), R^(a03) and R^(a04) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or groups obtained by combining these groups,

R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or groups obtained by combining these groups,

m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14,

n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and

n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

R^(a01), R^(a4) and R^(a5) are preferably a methyl group.

L^(a01), L^(a1) and L^(a2) are preferably an oxygen atom or *—O—(CH₂)_(k01)—CO—O— (in which k01 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably 1), and more preferably an oxygen atom.

Examples of the alkyl group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and groups obtained by combining these groups in R^(a02), R^(a03), R^(a04), R^(a6) and R^(a7) include the same groups as mentioned for R^(a1), R^(a2) and R^(a3) of formula (1).

The alkyl group in R^(a02), R^(a03), and R^(a04) preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably is a methyl group.

The alkyl group in R^(a6) and R^(a7) preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably is a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, and still more preferably is an ethyl group or an isopropyl group.

The number of carbon atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R^(a02), R^(a03), R^(a04), R^(a6) and R^(a7) is preferably 5 to 12, and more preferably 5 to 10.

The total number of carbon atoms of the group obtained by combining the alkyl group with the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 18 or less.

R^(a02) and R^(a03) are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

R^(a04) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group.

Preferably, R^(a6) and R^(a7) are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, and still more preferably an ethyl group or an isopropyl group.

m1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

n1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

n1′ is preferably 0 or 1.

The structural unit (a1-0) includes, for example, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-12) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a01) in the structural unit (a1-0) is substituted with a hydrogen atom and is preferably a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-10).

The structural unit (a1-1) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. Of these structural units, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-4) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a4) in the structural unit (a1-1) is substituted with a hydrogen atom are preferable, and a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-4) is more preferable.

Examples of the structural unit (a1-2) include a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a1-2-1) to formula (a1-2-6) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a5) in the structural unit (a1-2) is substituted with a hydrogen atom, and structural units represented by formula (a1-2-2), formula (a1-2-5) and formula (a1-2-6) are preferable.

When the resin (A) includes a structural unit (a1-0) and/or a structural unit (a1-1) and/or a structural unit (a1-2), the total content thereof is usually 10 to 95 mol %, preferably 15 to 90 mol %, more preferably 20 to 85 mol %, still more preferably 25 to 80 mol %, and yet more preferably 30 to 75 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

In the structural unit (a1), examples of the structural unit having a group (2) include a structural unit represented by formula (a1-4) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-4)”):

wherein, in formula (a1-4),

R^(a32) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a33) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group.

1a represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when 1a is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a33) may be the same or different from each other, and

R^(a34) and R^(a35) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R^(a36) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R^(a35) and R^(a36) are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms together with —C—O— to which R^(a35) and R^(a36) are bonded, and —CH₂— included in the hydrocarbon group and the divalent hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —S—.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a32) and R^(a33) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group. The alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a32) and R^(a33) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom include a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a perfluorohexyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group and a hexyloxy group. Of these groups, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, a methoxy group or an ethoxy group are more preferable, and a methoxy group is still more preferable.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a butyryloxy group and the like.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(a34), R^(a35) and R^(a36) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups which are the same as for R^(a1′) and R^(a2′) of formula (2). Particularly, examples of R^(a36) include an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or groups formed by combining these groups.

In formula (a1-4), R^(a32) is preferably a hydrogen atom,

R^(a33) is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group and an ethoxy group, and still more preferably a methoxy group,

1a is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0,

R^(a34) is preferably a hydrogen atom, and

R^(a35) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

The hydrocarbon group of R^(a36) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or groups formed by combining these groups, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alicyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R^(a36) are preferably unsubstituted. The aromatic hydrocarbon group in R^(a36) is preferably an aromatic ring having an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

—OC(R^(a34))(R^(a35))—O—R^(a36) in the structural unit (a1-4) is eliminated by contacting with an acid (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid) to form a hydroxy group.

The structural unit (a1-4) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. The structural unit preferably includes structural units represented by formula (a1-4-1) to formula (a1-4-12) and a structural unit in which a hydrogen atom corresponding to R^(a32) in the constitutional unit (a1-4) is substituted with a methyl group, and more preferably structural units represented by formula (a1-4-1) to formula (a1-4-5) and formula (a1-4-10).

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a1-4), the content is preferably 10 to 95 mol %, more preferably 15 to 90 mol %, still more preferably 20 to 85 mol %, yet more preferably 20 to 70 mol %, and particularly preferably 20 to 60 mol %, based on the total of all structural units of the resin (A).

The structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic monomer having a group (2) also includes a structural unit represented by formula (a1-5) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-5)”).

In formula (a1-5),

R⁴⁸ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,

Z^(a1) represents a single bond or *—(CH₂)_(h3)—CO-L⁵⁴-, h3 represents an integer of 1 to 4, and * represents a bond to L⁵¹,

L⁵¹, L⁵², L⁵³ and L⁵⁴ each independently represent —O— or —S—,

s1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and

s1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3.

The halogen atom includes a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom and is preferably a fluorine atom. Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a fluoromethyl group and a trifluoromethyl group.

In formula (a1-5), R^(a8) is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group,

L⁵¹ is preferably an oxygen atom,

one of L⁵² and L⁵³ is preferably —O— and the other one is preferably —S—,

s1 is preferably 1,

s1′ is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and

Z^(a1) is preferably a single bond or *—CH₂—CO—O—.

The structural unit (a1-5) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-61117 A. Of these structural units, structural units represented by formula (a1-5-1) to formula (a1-5-4) are preferable, and structural units represented by formula (a1-5-1) or formula (a1-5-2) are more preferable.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a1-5), the content is preferably 1 to 50 mol %, more preferably 3 to 45 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 40 mol %, and yet more preferably 5 to 30 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

The structural unit (a1) also includes the following structural units.

When the resin (A) includes the above-mentioned structural units such as (a1-3-1) to (a1-3-7), the content is preferably 10 to 95 mol %, more preferably 15 to 90 mol %, still more preferably 20 to 85 mol %, yet more preferably 20 to 70 mol %, further preferably 20 to 60 mol %, and particularly preferably 10 to 40 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (s)>

The structural unit (s) is derived from a monomer having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “monomer (s)”). It is possible to use, as the monomer from which the structural unit (s) is derived, a monomer having no acid-labile group known in the resist field.

The structural unit (s) preferably has a hydroxy group or a lactone ring. When a resin including a structural unit having a hydroxy group and having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2)”) and/or a structural unit having a lactone ring and having no acid-labile group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a3)”) is used in the resist composition of the present invention, it is possible to improve the resolution of a resist pattern and the adhesion to a substrate.

<Structural Unit (a2)>

The hydroxy group possessed by the structural unit (a2) may be either an alcoholic hydroxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group.

When a resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, in the case of using, as an exposure source, high energy rays such as KrF excimer laser (248 nm), electron beam or extreme ultraviolet light (EUV), it is preferable to use a structural unit (a2) having a phenolic hydroxy group as the structural unit (a2). When using ArF excimer laser (193 nm) or the like, a structural unit (a2) having an alcoholic hydroxy group is preferably used as the structural unit (a2), and it is more preferably use a structural unit (a2-1) mentioned later. The structural unit (a2) may be included alone, or two or more structural units may be included.

In the structural unit (a2), examples of the structural unit having a phenolic hydroxy group include a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-A)”)

wherein, in formula (a2-A),

R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group,

A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bond to carbon atoms to which —R^(a50) is bonded,

A^(a52) each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—,

nb represents 0 or 1, and

mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different from each other.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a50) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom in R^(a50) include a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group and a perfluorohexyl group.

R^(a50) is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a55) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group.

Examples of the alkoxy group in R^(a51) include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group and a tert-butoxy group. An alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, a methoxy group or an ethoxy group is more preferable, and a methoxy group is still more preferable.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group in R^(a51) include an acetyl group, a propionyl group and a butyryl group.

Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group in R^(a51) include an acetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group and a butyryloxy group.

R^(a51) is preferably a methyl group.

Examples of *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)— include *—O—, *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, *—O—CO-A^(a2)-O—, *—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-O—CO— and *—O—CO-A^(a52)-O—CO—. Of these, *—CO—O—, *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O— or *—O-A^(a52)-CO—O— is preferable.

Examples of the alkanediyl group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

A^(a52) is preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

A^(a50) is preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O-A^(a52)-CO—O—, more preferably a single bond, *—CO—O— or *—CO—O—CH₂—CO—O—, and still more preferably a single bond or *—CO—O—.

mb is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 0.

The hydroxy group is preferably bonded to the ortho-position or the para-position of a benzene ring, and more preferably the para-position.

Examples of the structural unit (a2-A) include structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204634 A and JP 2012-12577 A.

Examples of the structural unit (a2-A) include structural units represented by formula (a2-2-1) to formula (a2-2-6) and a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a50) in the structural unit (a2-A) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in structural units represented by formula (a2-2-1) to formula (a2-2-6). The structural unit (a2-A) is preferably a structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(a55) in the structural unit (a2-A) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in the structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-1), the structural unit represented formula (a2-2-3), the structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-6) and the structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-1), the structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-3) or the structural unit represented by formula (a2-2-6).

When the structural unit (a2-A) is included in the resin (A), the content of the structural unit (a2-A) is preferably 5 to 80 mol %, more preferably 10 to 70 mol %, still more preferably 15 to 65 mol %, yet more preferably 20 to 65 mol %, and further preferably 20 to 50 mol %, based on all structural units.

The structural unit (a2-A) can be included in a resin (A) by polymerizing, for example, with a structural unit (a1-4) and treating with an acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. The structural unit (a2-A) can also be included in the resin (A) by polymerizing with acetoxystyrene and treating with an alkali such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

Examples of the structural unit having an alcoholic hydroxy group in the structural unit (a2) include a structural unit represented by formula (a2-1) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-1)”).

In formula (a2-1),

L^(a3) represents —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k2)—CO—O—,

k2 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bond to —CO—,

R^(a14) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a15) and R^(a16) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxy group, and

o1 represents an integer of 0 to 10.

In formula (a2-1), L^(a3) is preferably —O— or —O—(CH₂)f₁—CO—O— (f1 represents an integer of 1 to 4), and more preferably —O—,

R^(a14) is preferably a methyl group,

R^(a15) is preferably a hydrogen atom,

R^(a16) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group, and

o1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1.

The structural unit (a2-1) includes, for example, structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A. A structural unit represented by any one of formula (a2-1-1) to formula (a2-1-6) is preferable, a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a2-1-1) to formula (a2-1-4) is more preferable, and a structural unit represented by formula (a2-1-1) or formula (a2-1-3) is still more preferable.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a2-1), the content is usually 1 to 45 mol %, preferably 1 to 40 mol %, more preferably 1 to 35 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, and yet more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a3)>

The lactone ring possessed by the structural unit (a3) may be a monocyclic ring such as a 3-propiolactone ring, a γ-butyrolactone ring or a 6-valerolactone ring, or a condensed ring of a monocyclic lactone ring and the other ring. Preferably, a γ-butyrolactone ring, an adamantanelactone ring or a bridged ring including a γ-butyrolactone ring structure (e.g. a structural unit represented by the following formula (a3-2)) is shown as an example.

The structural unit (a3) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a3-1), formula (a3-2), formula (a3-3) or formula (a3-4). These structural units may be included alone, or two or more structural units may be included:

wherein, in formula (a3-1), formula (a3-2), formula (a3-3) and formula (a3-4),

L^(a4), L^(a5) and L^(a6) each independently represent —O— or a group represented by *—O—(CH₂)_(k3)—CO—O— (k3 represents an integer of 1 to 7),

L^(a7) represents —O—, *—O-L^(a8)-O—, *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O—, *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O-L^(a9)-CO—O— or *—O-L^(a8)-O—CO-L^(a9)-O—,

L^(a8) and L^(a9) each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

* represents a bonding site to a carbonyl group,

R^(a18), R^(a19) and R^(a2) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a24) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,

X^(a3) represents —CH₂— or an oxygen atom,

R^(a21) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

R^(a22), R^(a23) and R^(a25) each independently represent a carboxy group, a cyano group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

p1 represents an integer of 0 to 5,

q1 represents an integer of 0 to 3,

r1 represents an integer of 0 to 3,

w1 represents an integer of 0 to 8, and

when p1, q1, r1 and/or w1 is/are 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a21), R^(a22), R^(a23) and/or R^(a25) may be the same or different from each other.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in R^(a21), R^(a22), R^(a23) and R^(a25) include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group.

Examples of the halogen atom in R^(a24) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group in R^(a24) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group, and the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group having a halogen atom in R^(a24) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a trichloromethyl group, a tribromomethyl group, a triiodomethyl group and the like.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in L^(a9) and L^(a9) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

In formula (a3-1) to formula (a3-3), preferably, L^(a4), L^(a5) and L^(a6) are each independently —O— or a group in which k3 is an integer of 1 to 4 in *—O—(CH₂)_(k3)—CO—O—, more preferably —O— and *—O—CH₂—CO—O—, and still more preferably an oxygen atom,

R^(a13), R^(a19) and R^(a21) are preferably a methyl group,

R^(a22) and R^(a23) are, each independently, preferably a carboxy group, a cyano group or a methyl group, and

p1, q1 and r1 are, each independently, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.

In formula (a3-4), R^(a24) is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a25) is preferably a carboxy group, a cyano group or a methyl group,

L^(a7) is preferably —O— or *—O-L^(a8)-CO—O—, and more preferably —O—, —O—CH₂—CO—O— or —O—C₂H₄—CO—O—, and

w1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.

Particularly, formula (a3-4) is preferably formula (a3-4)′:

wherein R^(a24) and L^(a7) are the same as defined above.

Examples of the structural unit (a3) include structural units derived from the monomers mentioned in JP 2010-204646 A, the monomers mentioned in JP 2000-122294 A and the monomers mentioned in JP 2012-41274 A. The structural unit (a3) is preferably a structural unit represented by any one of formula (a3-1-1), formula (a3-1-2), formula (a3-2-1), formula (a3-2-2), formula (a3-3-1), formula (a3-3-2) and formula (a3-4-1) to formula (a3-4-12), and structural units in which methyl groups corresponding to R^(a18), R^(a19), R^(a20) and R^(a24) in formula (a3-1) to formula (a3-4) are substituted with hydrogen atoms in the above structural units.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a3), the total content is usually 5 to 70 mol %, preferably 10 to 65 mol %, and more preferably 10 to 60 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

Each content of the structural unit (a3-1), the structural unit (a3-2), the structural unit (a3-3) or the structural unit (a3-4) is preferably 5 to 60 mol %, more preferably 5 to 50 mol %, and still more preferably 10 to 50 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a4)>

Examples of the structural unit (a4) include the following structural units:

wherein, in formula (a4),

R⁴¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and

R⁴² represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which has a fluorine atom, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R⁴² include a chain hydrocarbon group and a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and groups formed by combining these groups.

Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group. Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bond).

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups formed by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and include an alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

Examples of the structural unit (a4) include a structural unit represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of formula (a4-0), formula (a4-1), formula (a4-2), formula (a4-3) and formula (a4-4):

wherein, in formula (a4-0),

R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L^(4a) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

L³a represents a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a perfluorocycloalkanediyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and

R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.

Examples of the divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group in L^(4a) include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group and a butane-1,4-diyl group; and branched alkanediyl groups such as an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group and a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group.

Examples of the perfluoroalkanediyl group in L^(3a) include a difluoromethylene group, a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropane-1,1-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-1,3-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-1,2-diyl group, a perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-1,4-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorobutane-1,2-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-1,5-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluoropentane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-1,6-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorohexane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-1,7-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-3,4-diyl group, a perfluoroheptane-4,4-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-1,8-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-2,2-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-3,3-diyl group, a perfluorooctane-4,4-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the perfluorocycloalkanediyl group in L^(3a) include a perfluorocyclohexanediyl group, a perfluorocyclopentanediyl group, a perfluorocycloheptanediyl group, a perfluoroadamantanediyl group and the like.

L^(4a) is preferably a single bond, a methylene group or an ethylene group, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

L^(3a) is preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Examples of the structural unit (a4-0) include the following structural units, and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R⁵ in the structural unit (a4-0) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom:

wherein, in formula (a4-1),

R^(a41) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R^(a42) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

A^(a41) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a group represented by formula (a-g1), in which at least one of A^(a41) and R^(a42) has, as a substituent, a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom):

[in which, in formula (a-g1),

s represents 0 or 1,

A^(a42) and A^(a44) each independently represent a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent,

A^(a43) represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent,

X^(a41) and X^(a42) each independently represent —O—, —CO—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—, in which the total number of carbon atoms of A^(a42), A^(a43), A^(a44), X^(a41) and X^(a42) is 7 or less], and

* represents a bond and * at the right side represents a bond to —O—CO—R^(a42).

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group in R^(a42) include a chain hydrocarbon group and a monocyclic or a polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and groups formed by combining these groups.

Examples of the chain saturated hydrocarbon group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group.

Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bond).

Examples of the group formed by combination include groups formed by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups, and include an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an alkanediyl group-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent which may be possessed by R^(a42) include at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a group represented by formula (a-g3).

Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable:

*—X^(a43)-A^(a45)  (a-g3)

wherein, in formula (a-g3),

X^(a43) represents an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group, *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bond to R^(a42)),

A^(a45) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

* represents a bond.

In R^(a42)—X^(a43)-A^(a45), when R^(a42) has no halogen atom, A^(a45) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms having at least one halogen atom.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in A^(a45) include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group and an octadecyl group; monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group; and polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a decahydronaphthyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group and the following groups (* represents a bond):

Examples of the group formed by combination include a group obtained by combining one or more alkyl groups or one or more alkanediyl groups with one or more alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and include an -alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an -alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkyl group, an -alkanediyl group-alicyclic hydrocarbon group-alkyl group and the like.

R^(a42) is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a halogen atom, and more preferably an alkyl group having a halogen atom and/or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a group represented by formula (a-g3).

When R^(a42) is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom is preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluorocycloalkyl group is more preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is still more preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a perfluoroheptyl group and a perfluorooctyl group. Examples of the perfluorocycloalkyl group include a perfluorocyclohexyl group and the like.

When R^(a42) is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a group represented by formula (a-g3), the total number of carbon atoms of R^(a42) is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 12 or less, including the number of carbon atoms included in the group represented by formula (a-g3). When having the group represented by formula (a-g3) as the substituent, the number thereof is preferably 1.

When R^(a42) is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having the group represented by formula (a-g3), R^(a42) is still more preferably a group represented by formula (a-g2):

*-A^(a46)-X^(a44)-A^(a47)  (a-g2)

wherein, in formula (a-g2),

A^(a46) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

X^(a44) represents *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bond to A^(a46)),

A^(a47) represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom,

the total number of carbon atoms of A^(a46), A^(a47) and X^(a44) is 18 or less, and at least one of A^(a46) and A^(a47) has at least one halogen atom, and

* represents a bond to a carbonyl group.

The number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of A^(a46) is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3.

The number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of A^(a47) is preferably 4 to 15, and more preferably 5 to 12, and A^(a47) is still more preferably a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group.

Preferred structure of the group represented by formula (a-g2) is the following structure (* represents a bond to a carbonyl group).

Examples of the alkanediyl group in A^(a41) include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group and a hexane-1,6-diyl group; and branched alkanediyl groups such as a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a 1-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group.

Examples of the substituent in the alkanediyl group of A^(a41) include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

A^(a41) is preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an ethylene group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by A^(a42), A^(a43) and A^(a44) in the group represented by formula (a-g1) include a linear or branched alkanediyl group and a monocyclic divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and groups formed by combining an alkanediyl group and a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group. Specific examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a 1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the substituent of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by A^(a42), A^(a43) and A^(a44) include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

s is preferably 0.

In the group represented by formula (a-g2), examples of the group in which X^(a42) is —O—, —CO—, —CO—O— or —O—CO— include the following groups. In the following examples, * and ** each represent a bond, and ** represents a bond to —O—CO—R^(a42).

Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) include the following structural units, and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to A^(a41) in the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom.

Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) include a structural unit represented by formula (a4-2):

wherein, in formula (a4-2),

R^(f5) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L⁴⁴ represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—,

R^(f6) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, and

the upper limit of the total number of carbon atoms of L⁴⁴ and R^(f6) is 21.

Examples of the alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of L⁴⁴ include the same groups as mentioned for the alkanediyl group in A^(a41).

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of R^(f6) include the same groups as mentioned for R^(a42).

The alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in L⁴⁴ is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably an ethylene group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-2) includes, for example, structural units represented by formula (a4-1-1) to formula (a4-1-11). A structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f5) in the structural unit (a4-2) is substituted with a hydrogen atom is also an example of the structural unit represented by formula (a4-2).

Examples of the structural unit (a4) include a structural unit represented by formula (a4-3):

wherein, in formula (a4-3),

R^(f7) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

L⁵ represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

A^(f13) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom,

X^(f12) represents *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bond to A^(f13)),

A^(f14) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom, and

at least one of A^(f13) and A^(f14) has a fluorine atom, and the upper limit of the total number of carbon atoms of L⁵, A^(f3) and A^(f14) is 20.

Examples of the alkanediyl group in L⁵ include those which are the same as mentioned in the alkanediyl group in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(a41).

The divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom in A^(f13) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom and a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom, and more preferably a perfluoroalkanediyl group.

Examples of the divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom include alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propanediyl group, a butanediyl group and a pentanediyl group; and perfluoroalkanediyl groups such as a difluoromethylene group, a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropanediyl group, a perfluorobutanediyl group and a perfluoropentanediyl group.

The divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic group include a cyclohexanediyl group and a perfluorocyclohexanediyl group. Examples of the polycyclic group include an adamantanediyl group, a norbornanediyl group, a perfluoroadamantanediyl group and the like.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group and the saturated hydrocarbon group which may have a fluorine atom for A^(f14) include the same groups as mentioned for R⁴². Of these groups, preferable are fluorinated alkyl groups such as a trifluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a methyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl group, an ethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a propyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl group, a butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a heptyl group, a perfluoroheptyl group, an octyl group and a perfluorooctyl group; a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a perfluorocyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, an adamantylmethyl group, an adamantyldimethyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornylmethyl group, a perfluoroadamantyl group, a perfluoroadamantylmethyl group and the like.

In formula (a4-3), L⁵ is preferably an ethylene group.

The divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(f13) is preferably a group including a divalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a divalent chain hydrocarbon group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.

The saturated hydrocarbon group of A^(f14) is preferably a group including a chain hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a group including a chain hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Of these groups, A^(1f4) is preferably a group including an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclopropylmethyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group and an adamantyl group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-3) includes, for example, structural units represented by formula (a4-1′-1) to formula (a4-1′-11). A structural unit in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f7) in the structural unit (a4-3) is substituted with a hydrogen atom is also an example of the structural unit represented by formula (a4-3).

Examples of the structural unit (a4) also include a structural unit represented by formula (a4-4):

wherein, in formula (a4-4),

R^(f21) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

A^(f21) represents —(CH₂)_(j1)—, —(CH₂)_(j2)—O—(CH₂)_(j3)— or —(CH₂)_(j4)—CO—O—(CH₂)_(j5)—,

j1 to j5 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, and

R^(f22) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of R^(f22) include those which are the same as the saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R^(a42). R^(f22) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom, and still more preferably, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms having a fluorine atom.

In formula (a4-4), A^(f21) is preferably —(CH₂)_(j1)—, more preferably an ethylene group or a methylene group, and still more preferably a methylene group.

The structural unit represented by formula (a4-4) includes, for example, the following structural units and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R^(f21) in the structural unit (a4-4) is substituted with a hydrogen atom in structural units represented by the following formulas.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a4), the content is preferably 1 to 20 mol %, more preferably 2 to 15 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 10 mol, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (a5)>

Examples of a non-leaving hydrocarbon group possessed by the structural unit (a5) include groups having a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group. Of these, the structural unit (a5) is preferably a group having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.

The structural unit (a5) includes, for example, a structural unit represented by formula (a5-1):

wherein, in formula (a5-1),

R⁵⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

R⁵² represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and

L⁵⁵ represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—.

The alicyclic hydrocarbon group in R⁵² may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. The monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. The polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes, for example, an adamantyl group and a norbornyl group.

The aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms includes, for example, alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group and a 2-ethylhexyl group.

Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a substituent includes a 3-methyladamantyl group and the like.

R⁵² is preferably an unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group or a cyclohexyl group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in L⁵⁵ include a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group and a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and a divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group is preferable.

The divalent chain saturated hydrocarbon group includes, for example, alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propanediyl group, a butanediyl group and a pentanediyl group.

The divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclopentanediyl group and a cyclohexanediyl group. Examples of the polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include an adamantanediyl group and a norbornanediyl group.

The group in which —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by L⁵⁵ is replaced by —O— or —CO— includes, for example, groups represented by formula (L1-1) to formula (L1-4). In the following formulas, * and ** each represent a bond, and * represents a bond to an oxygen atom.

In formula (L1-1),

X^(x1) represents *—O—CO— or *—CO—O— (* represents a bonding site to L^(x1)),

L^(x1) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms,

L^(x2) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x1) and L^(x2) is 16 or less.

In formula (L1-2),

L^(x3) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms,

L^(x4) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x3) and L^(x4) is 17 or less.

In formula (L1-3),

L^(x5) represents a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms,

L^(x6) and L^(x7) each independently represent a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(x5), L^(x6) and L^(x7) is 15 or less.

In formula (L1-4),

L^(x8) and L^(x9) represents a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

W^(x1) represents a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of L^(U), L^(x9) and W^(x1) is 15 or less.

L^(x1) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x2) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond.

L^(x3) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x4) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x5) is preferably a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x6) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.

L^(x7) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

L^(x8) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

L^(x9) is preferably a single bond or a divalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group.

W^(x1) is preferably a divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclohexanediyl group or an adamantanediyl group.

The group represented by formula (L1-1) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-2) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-3) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

The group represented by formula (L1-4) includes, for example, the following divalent groups.

L⁵⁵ is preferably a single bond or a group represented by formula (L1-1).

Examples of the structural unit (a5-1) include the following structural units and structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R⁵¹ in the structural unit (a5-1) in the following structural units is substituted with a hydrogen atom.

When the resin (A) includes the structural unit (a5), the content is preferably 1 to 30 mol %, more preferably 2 to 20 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 15 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

<Structural Unit (II)>

The resin (A) may further include a structural unit which is decomposed upon exposure to radiation to generate an acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “structural unit (II)). Specific examples of the structural unit (II) include the structural units mentioned in JP 2016-79235 A, and a structural unit having a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group and an organic cation in a side chain or a structural unit having a sulfonio group and an organic anion in a side chain are preferable.

The structural unit having a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group in a side chain is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A′),

X^(III3) represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, or a hydroxy group,

A^(x1) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom included in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

RA⁻ represents a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group,

R^(III3) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

ZA⁺ represents an organic cation.

Examples of the halogen atom represented by R^(III3) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(III3) include those which are the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(a8).

Examples of the alkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms represented by A^(x1) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, an ethane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,1-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a propane-2,2-diyl group, a pentane-2,4-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group, a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group and the like.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with A^(x1) include a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluoroisopropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluorosec-butyl group, a perfluorotert-butyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group and the like.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by X^(III3) include a linear or branched alkanediyl group, a monocyclic or a polycyclic divalent alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.

Specific examples thereof include linear alkanediyl groups such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a propane-1,2-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a nonane-1,9-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, an undecane-1,11-diyl group and a dodecane-1,12-diyl group; branched alkanediyl groups such as a butane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, a 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl group, a pentane-1,4-diyl group and a 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl group; cycloalkanediyl groups such as a cyclobutane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl group, a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group and a cyclooctane-1,5-diyl group; and divalent polycyclic alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as a norbornane-1,4-diyl group, a norbornane-2,5-diyl group, an adamantane-1,5-diyl group and an adamantane-2,6-diyl group.

Those in which —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group are replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO— include, for example, divalent groups represented by formula (X1) to formula (X53). Before replacing —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group by —O—, —S— or —CO—, the number of carbon atoms is 17 or less. In the following formulas, * and ** represent a bonding site, and * represents a bonding site to A^(x1).

X³ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms.

X⁴ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

X⁵ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

X⁶ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.

X⁷ represents a trivalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.

X⁸ represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

Examples of ZA⁺ in formula (II-2-A′) include those which are the same as the cation Z⁺ in the salt (I).

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A), R^(III3), X^(III3) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above,

z2A represents an integer of 0 to 6,

R^(III2) and R^(III4) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and when z is 2 or more, a plurality of R^(III2) and R^(III4) may be the same or different form each other, and

Q^(a) and Q^(b) each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R^(III2), R^(III4), Q^(a) and Q^(b) include those which are the same as the perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q^(b1) mentioned above.

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-1):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A-1),

R^(III2), R^(III3), R^(III4), Q^(a), Q^(b) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above,

R^(III5) represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

z2A1 represents an integer of 0 to 6, and

X¹² represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—, and a hydrogen atom included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom or a hydroxy group.

Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R^(III5) include linear or branched alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group and a dodecyl group.

Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by X^(I2) include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by X^(III3).

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-1) is more preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A-2):

wherein, in formula (II-2-A-2), R^(III3), R^(III5) and ZA⁺ are the same as defined above, and

m and n each independently represent 1 or 2.

The structural unit represented by formula (II-2-A′) includes, for example, the following structural units and the structural units mentioned in WO 2012/050015 A. ZA⁺ represents an organic cation.

The structural unit having a sulfonio group and an organic anion in a side chain is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (II-1-1):

wherein, in formula (II-1-1),

A^(II1) represents a single bond or a divalent linking group,

R^(II1) represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,

R^(II2) and R^(II3) each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R^(II2) and

R^(II3) may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with sulfur atoms to which R^(II2) and R^(II3) are bonded,

R^(II4) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, and

A⁻ represents an organic anion.

Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R^(II1) include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group.

Examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R^(II2) and R^(II3) include an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and groups obtained by combining these groups, and specifically include an hydrocarbon which is the same as those in R^(a1′), R^(a2′) and R^(a3′).

Examples of the halogen atom represented by R^(II4) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(II4) include those which are the same as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom represented by R^(a8).

Examples of the divalent linking group represented by A^(II1) include a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S— or —CO—. Specific examples thereof include those which are the same as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by X^(III3).

Examples of the structural unit including a cation in formula (II-1-1) include the following structural units.

Examples of the organic anion represented by A-include a sulfonic acid anion, a sulfonylimide anion, a sulfonylmethide anion and a carboxylic acid anion. The organic anion represented by A⁻ is preferably a sulfonic acid, and the sulfonic acid anion is preferably an anion included in the above-mentioned salt represented by formula (B1).

Examples of the sulfonylimide anion represented by A-include the following.

Examples of the sulfonylmethide anion include the following.

Examples of the carboxylic acid anion include the following.

Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (II-1-1) include structural units represented by the following formulas.

When the structural unit (II) is included in the resin (A), the content of the structural unit (II) is preferably 1 to 20 mol %, more preferably 2 to 15 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 10 mol %, based on all structural units of the resin (A).

The resin (A) may include structural units other than the structural units mentioned above, and examples of such structural unit include structural units well-known in the art.

The resin (A) is preferably a resin composed of a structural unit (a1) and a structural unit (s), i.e., a copolymer of a monomer (a1) and a monomer (s).

The structural unit (a1) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a1-0), a structural unit (a1-1) and a structural unit (a1-2) (preferably the structural unit having a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclopentyl group) and structural unit (a1-4), more preferably at least two, and still more preferably at least two selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a1-1) and a structural unit (a1-2).

The structural unit (s) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit (a2) and a structural unit (a3). The structural unit (a2) is preferably a structural unit (a2-1) or a structural unit (a2-A). The structural unit (a3) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a3-1), a structural unit represented by formula (a3-2) and a structural unit represented by formula (a3-4).

The respective structural units constituting the resin (A) may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination. Using a monomer from which these structural units are derived, it is possible to produce by a known polymerization method (e.g. radical polymerization method). The content of the respective structural units included in the resin (A) can be adjusted according to the amount of the monomer used in the polymerization.

The weight-average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably 2,000 or more (more preferably 2,500 or more, and still more preferably 3,000 or more), and 50,000 or less (more preferably 30,000 or less, and still more preferably 15,000 or less). As used herein, the weight-average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography under the conditions mentioned in Examples.

<Resin Other than Resin (A)>

The resist composition of the present invention may further include the resin other than the resin (A).

The resin other than the resin (A) includes, for example, a resin including a structural unit (a4) or a structural unit (a5) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (X)).

The resin (X) is preferably a resin including a structural unit (a4), particularly. Namely, the resin is preferably a resin including a structural unit having a fluorine atom.

In the resin (X), the content of the structural unit (a4) is preferably 30 mol % or more, more preferably 40 mol % or more, and still more preferably 45 mol % or more, based on the total of all structural units of the resin X).

Examples of the structural unit, which may be further included in the resin (X), include a structural unit (a1), a structural unit (a2), a structural unit (a3) and structural units derived from other known monomers. Particularly, the resin (X) is preferably a resin composed only of a structural unit (a4) and/or a structural unit (a5).

The respective structural unit constituting the resin (X) may be used alone, or two or more structural units may be used in combination. Using a monomer from which these structural units are derived, it is possible to produce by a known polymerization method (e.g. radical polymerization method). The content of the respective structural units included in the resin (X) can be adjusted according to the amount of the monomer used in the polymerization.

The weight-average molecular weight of the resin (X) is preferably 6,000 or more (more preferably 7,000 or more) and 80,000 or less (more preferably 60,000 or less). The measurement means of the weight-average molecular weight of the resin (X) is the same as in the case of the resin (A).

When the resist composition of the present invention includes the resin (X), the content is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, still more preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 8 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the resin (A).

The content of the resin (A) in the resist composition is preferably 80% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, based on the solid component of the resist composition. When including resins other than the resin (A), the total content of the resin (A) and resins other than the resin (A) is preferably 80% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, based on the solid component of the resist composition. As used herein, “solid component of the resist composition” means the total amount of components obtained by removing a solvent (E) mentioned later from the total amount of the resist composition. The solid component of the resist composition and the content of the resin thereto can be measured by a known analysis means such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography.

<Solvent (E)>

The content of the solvent (E) in the resist composition is usually 90% by mass or more and 99.9 by mass or less, preferably 92% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 94% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less. The content of the solvent (E) can be measured, for example, by a known analysis means such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography.

Examples of the solvent (E) include glycol ether esters such as ethylcellosolve acetate, methylcellosolve acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; glycol ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether; esters such as ethyl lactate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate and ethyl pyruvate; ketones such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-heptanone and cyclohexanone; and cyclic esters such as γ-butyrolactone. The solvent (E) may be used alone, or two or more solvents may be used.

<Quencher (C)>

Examples of the quencher (C) include a basic nitrogen-containing organic compound, and a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from an acid generator (B). The content of the quencher (C) is preferably about 0.01 to 5% by mass based on the amount of the solid component of the resist composition.

Examples of the basic nitrogen-containing organic compound include amine and an ammonium salt. Examples of the amine include an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine. Examples of the aliphatic amine include a primary amine, a secondary amine and a tertiary amine.

Examples of the amine include l-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, aniline, diisopropylaniline, 2-, 3- or 4-methylaniline, 4-nitroaniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, diphenylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, methyldibutylamine, methyldipentylamine, methyldihexylamine, methyldicyclohexylamine, methyldiheptylamine, methyldioctylamine, methyldinonylamine, methyldidecylamine, ethyldibutylamine, ethyldipentylamine, ethyldihexylamine, ethyldiheptylamine, ethyldioctylamine, ethyldinonylamine, ethyldidecylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, triisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 4,4′-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-diethyldiphenylmethane, 2,2′-methylenebisaniline, imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethene, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene, 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyloxy)ethane, di(2-pyridyl)ketone, 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide, 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide, 2,2′-dipyridylamine, 2,2′-dipicolylamine, bipyridine and the like, preferably aromatic amines such as diisopropylaniline, and more preferably 2,6-diisopropylaniline.

Examples of the ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraisopropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrahexylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, tetra-n-butylammonium salicylate and choline.

The acidity in a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) is indicated by the acid dissociation constant (pKa). Regarding the salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B), the acid dissociation constant of an acid generated from the salt usually meets the following inequality: −3<pKa, preferably −1<pKa<7, and more preferably 0<pKa<5.

Examples of the salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) include salts represented by the following formulas, a salt represented by formula (D) mentioned in JP 2015-147926 A (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “weak acid inner salt (D)”, and salts mentioned in JP 2012-229206 A, JP 2012-6908 A, JP 2012-72109 A, JP 2011-39502 A and JP 2011-191745 A. The salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator (B) is preferably a weak acid inner salt (D).

Examples of the weak acid inner salt (D) include the following salts.

When the resist composition includes the quencher (C), the content of the quencher (C) in the solid component of the resist composition is usually 0.01 to 5% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass.

<Other Components>

The resist composition of the present invention may also include components other than the components mentioned above (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “other components (F)”). The other components (F) are not particularly restricted and it is possible to use various additives known in the resist field, for example, sensitizers, dissolution inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers and dyes.

<Preparation of Resist Composition>

The resist composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing a salt (I) and a resin (A), and if necessary, an acid generator (B), resins other than the resin (A), a solvent (E), a quencher (C) and other components (F). The order of mixing these components is any order and is not particularly restricted. It is possible to select, as the temperature during mixing, appropriate temperature from 10 to 40° C., according to the type of the resin, the solubility in the solvent (E) of the resin and the like. It is possible to select, as the mixing time, appropriate time from 0.5 to 24 hours according to the mixing temperature. The mixing means is not particularly restricted and it is possible to use mixing with stirring.

After mixing the respective components, the mixture is preferably filtered through a filter having a pore diameter of about 0.003 to 0.2 μm.

(Method for Producing Resist Pattern)

The method for producing a resist pattern of the present invention include:

(1) a step of applying, on a substrate, the resist composition of the present invention, (2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a composition layer, (3) a step of exposing the composition layer, (4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and (5) a step of developing the heated composition layer.

The resist composition can be usually applied on a substrate using a conventionally used apparatus, such as a spin coater. Examples of the substrate include inorganic substrates such as a silicon wafer. Before applying the resist composition, the substrate may be washed, and an organic antireflection film may be formed on the substrate.

The solvent is removed by drying the applied composition to form a composition layer. Drying is performed by evaporating the solvent using a heating device such as a hot plate (so-called “prebake”), or a decompression device. The heating temperature is preferably 50 to 200° C. and the heating time is preferably 10 to 180 seconds. The pressure during drying under reduced pressure is preferably about 1 to 1.0×10⁵ Pa.

The composition layer thus obtained is usually exposed using an aligner. The aligner may be a liquid immersion aligner. It is possible to use, as an exposure source, various exposure sources, for example, exposure sources capable of emitting laser beam in an ultraviolet region such as KrF excimer laser (wavelength of 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (wavelength of 193 nm) and F₂ excimer laser (wavelength of 157 nm), an exposure source capable of emitting harmonic laser beam in a far-ultraviolet or vacuum ultra violet region by wavelength-converting laser beam from a solid-state laser source (YAG, semiconductor laser, or the like), an exposure source capable of emitting electron beam or extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) and the like. As used herein, such exposure to radiation is sometimes collectively referred to as “exposure”. The exposure is usually performed through a mask corresponding to a pattern to be required. When electron beam is used as the exposure source, exposure may be performed by direct writing without using the mask.

The exposed composition layer is subjected to a heat treatment (so-called “post-exposure bake”) to promote the deprotection reaction in an acid-labile group. The heating temperature is usually about 50 to 200° C., and preferably about 70 to 150° C.

The heated composition layer is usually developed with a developing solution using a development apparatus. Examples of the developing method include a dipping method, a paddle method, a spraying method, a dynamic dispensing method and the like. The developing temperature is preferably, for example, 5 to 60° C. and the developing time is preferably, for example, 5 to 300 seconds. It is possible to produce a positive resist pattern or negative resist pattern by selecting the type of the developing solution as follows.

When the positive resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, an alkaline developing solution is used as the developing solution. The alkaline developing solution may be various aqueous alkaline solutions used in this field. Examples thereof include aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (commonly known as choline). The surfactant may be contained in the alkaline developing solution.

It is preferable that the developed resist pattern be washed with ultrapure water and then water remaining on the substrate and the pattern be removed.

When the negative resist pattern is produced from the resist composition of the present invention, a developing solution containing an organic solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “organic developing solution”) is used as the developing solution.

Examples of the organic solvent contained in the organic developing solution include ketone solvents such as 2-hexanone and 2-heptanone; glycol ether ester solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; ester solvents such as butyl acetate; glycol ether solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide; and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as anisole.

The content of the organic solvent in the organic developing solution is preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and still more preferably the organic developing solution is substantially composed of the organic solvent.

Particularly, the organic developing solution is preferably a developing solution containing butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone. The total content of butyl acetate and 2-heptanone in the organic developing solution is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and still more preferably the organic developing solution is substantially composed of butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone.

The surfactant may be contained in the organic developing solution. A trace amount of water may be contained in the organic developing solution.

During development, the development may be stopped by replacing by a solvent with the type different from that of the organic developing solution.

The developed resist pattern is preferably washed with a rinsing solution. The rinsing solution is not particularly restricted as long as it does not dissolve the resist pattern, and it is possible to use a solution containing an ordinary organic solvent, preferably an alcohol solvent or an ester solvent.

After washing, the rinsing solution remaining on the substrate and the pattern is preferably removed.

(Application)

The resist composition of the present invention is suitable as a resist composition for exposure of KrF excimer laser, a resist composition for exposure of ArF excimer laser, a resist composition for exposure of electron beam (EB) or a resist composition for exposure of EUV, particularly a resist composition for exposure of ArF excimer laser, a resist composition for exposure of electron beam (EB) or a resist composition for exposure of EUV, and the resist composition is useful for fine processing of semiconductors.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be described more specifically by way of Examples. Percentages and parts expressing the contents or amounts used in the Examples are by mass unless otherwise specified.

The weight-average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography. Analysis conditions of gel permeation chromatography are as follows.

Column: TSKgel Multipore IIXL-M×3+guardcolumn (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION)

Eluent: tetrahydrofuran

Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min

Detector: R¹ detector

Column temperature: 40° C.

Injection amount: 100 μl

Molecular weight standards: polystyrene standard (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION)

Structures of compounds were confirmed by measuring a molecular ion peak using mass spectrometry (Liquid Chromatography: Model 1100, manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Inc., Mass Spectrometry: Model LC/MSD, manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Inc.). The value of this molecular ion peak in the following Examples is indicated by “MASS”.

Example 1: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (I-1)

13 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1-a) and 20 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.05 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.41 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 70 parts of chloroform and 25 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 10 parts of acetonitrile and 90 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 11.98 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 339.1

Example 2: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-18)

9.54 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-18-a) and 30 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 2.49 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-c) was added, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 8 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 20 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 3 parts of acetonitrile and 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 7.19 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-18).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 547.2

Example 3: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-127)

12.23 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-127-a) and 20 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.05 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.41 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 70 parts of chloroform and 25 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 5 parts of acetonitrile and 95 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 10.49 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-127).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 237.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 339.1

Example 4: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-4)

13 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1-a) and 20 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.05 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.49 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-4-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 70 parts of chloroform and 25 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 50 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 10.12 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-4).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 355.1

Example 5: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-9)

13 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1-a) and 20 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.05 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 5.88 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-9-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 3 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 70 parts of chloroform and 25 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated seven times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 10 parts of acetonitrile and 90 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 11.98 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-9).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 369.0

Example 6: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-203)

25 Parts of a compound represented by formula (I-203-a) and 125 parts of acetonitrile were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further cooling to 5° C. To the mixed solution thus obtained, a mixed solution of 1.00 part of sodium borohydride and 15.00 parts of ion-exchanged water was added dropwise over 1 hour, followed by stirring at 5° C. for 2 hours and further concentration. To the concentrated residue thus obtained, 400 parts of chloroform and 200 parts of ion-exchanged water were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 200 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then the concentrated mixture was isolated using a column (silica gel 60 N (spherical, neutral) 100-210 μm; manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., developing solvent: n-heptane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to obtain 12.64 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-203-c).

4 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-1-a) and 50 parts of acetonitrile were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 1.71 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 2.39 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-203-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 8 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 150 parts of chloroform and 10 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 50 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 200 parts of n-heptane was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further filtration to obtain 3.42 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-203).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 395.2

Example 7: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-17)

9.13 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-17-a) and 30 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 2.49 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-c) was added, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 8 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 20 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 3 parts of acetonitrile and 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 7.88 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-17).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 517.2

Example 8: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-205)

9.13 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-17-a) and 30 parts of chloroform were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 3.26 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-203-c) was added, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 8 hours. To the mixture thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 20 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 30 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 3 parts of acetonitrile and 30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, removal of the supernatant and further concentration to obtain 8.22 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-205).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 573.3

Example 9: Synthesis of Salt Represented by Formula (1-204)

3.87 Parts of a salt represented by formula (I-204-a) and 50 parts of acetonitrile were mixed, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 1.71 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-1-b) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 2 hours. To the mixed solution thus obtained, 2.39 parts of a compound represented by formula (I-203-c) was added, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 8 hours and further cooling to 23° C. To the mixture thus obtained, 150 parts of chloroform of and 10 parts of an aqueous 5% oxalic acid solution were added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. To the organic layer thus obtained, 50 parts of ion-exchanged water was added, and after stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes, the organic layer was isolated through separation. This water washing operation was repeated five times. The organic layer thus obtained was concentrated and then 200 parts of n-heptane was added to the concentrated residue, followed by stirring at 23° C. for 30 minutes and further filtration to obtain 3.35 parts of a salt represented by formula (I-204).

MASS (ESI (+) Spectrum): M⁺ 263.1

MASS (ESI (−) Spectrum): M⁻ 425.2

Synthesis of Resin

Compounds (monomers) used in synthesis of a resin (A) are shown below. Hereinafter, these compounds are referred to as “monomer (a1-1-3)” according to the formula number.

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Resin A1

Using a monomer (a1-1-3), a monomer (a1-2-5), a monomer (a2-1-1) and a monomer (a3-1-1) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 14:45:2.5:38.5 [monomer (a1-1-3):monomer (a1-2-5):monomer (a2-1-1):monomer (a3-1-1)], and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers to obtain a solution. To this solution, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as initiators were added in the amounts of, respectively, 1 mol % and 3 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, followed by heating at 73° C. for about 5 hours. The reaction mixture thus obtained was poured into a large amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent to precipitate a resin, and this resin was filtered. After performing a reprecipitation operation in which a solution obtained by dissolving again the resin thus obtained in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is poured into a methanol/water mixed solvent to precipitate the resin, followed by filtration of this resin, twice, a resin A1 having a weight-average molecular weight of 7.9×10³ in a yield of 88%. This resin A1 includes the following structural unit.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Resin X1

Using a monomer (a4-1-4) as a monomer, methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers to obtain a solution. To this solution, azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as initiators were added in the amounts of, respectively, 0.7 mol % and 2.1 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, followed by heating at 75° C. for about 5 hours. The reaction mixture thus obtained was poured into a large amount of a methanol/water mixed solvent to precipitate a resin, and this resin was filtered to obtain a resin X1 having a weight-average molecular weight of 1.7×10⁴ in a yield of 77%. This resin X1 includes the following structural unit.

Synthesis Example 3 [Synthesis of Resin A3]

Using a monomer (a1-4-2), a monomer (a1-1-3) and a monomer (a1-2-6) as monomers, these monomers were mixed in a molar ratio of 38:24:38 [monomer (a1-4-2):monomer (a1-1-3):monomer (a1-2-6)], methyl isobutyl ketone was added in the amount of 1.5 mass times the total mass of all monomers. To the mixture thus obtained, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator was added in the amount of 7 mol % based on the total molar number of all monomers, and the polymerization was performed by heating at 85° C. for about 5 hours. To the polymerization reaction solution, an aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid solution was added, followed by stirring for 6 hours and further isolation through separation. The organic layer thus recovered was poured into a large amount of n-heptane to precipitate a resin, which was filtered and recovered to obtain a resin A3 (copolymer) having a weight-average molecular weight of about 5.3×10³ in a yield of 78%. This resin A3 includes the following structural unit.

<Preparation of Resist Composition>

As shown in Table 2, the following components were mixed and the mixture thus obtained was filtered through a fluororesin filter having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm to prepare resist compositions.

TABLE 2 Resist Quencher composition Resin Acid generator Salt (I) (C) PB/PEB Composition 1 X1/A1 = — I-1 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 2 X1/A1 = — I-4 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 3 X1/A1 = — I-9 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 4 X1/A1 = — I-18 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 5 X1/A1 = — I-127 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 1.4 parts 0.28 parts Composition 6 X1/A1 = — I-17 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 7 X1/A1 = — I-203 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 8 X1/A1 = — I-204 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Composition 9 X1/A1 = — I-205 = D1 = 90° C./85° C. 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Comparative X1/A1 = IX-1 = — D1 = 90° C./85° C. Composition 1 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Comparative X1/A1 = IX-2 = — D1 = 90° C./85° C. Composition 2 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts Comparative X1/A1 = IX-3 = — D1 = 90° C./85° C. Composition 3 0.2/10 parts 0.9 parts 0.28 parts

<Resin>

A1, X1: Resin A1, Resin X1

<Salt (I)>

I-1: Salt represented by formula (I-1)

I-4: Salt represented by formula (I-4)

I-9: Salt represented by formula (I-9)

I-17: Salt represented by formula (I-17)

I-18: Salt represented by formula (I-18)

I-127: Salt represented by formula (I-127)

I-203: Salt represented by formula (I-203)

I-204: Salt represented by formula (I-204)

I-205: Salt represented by formula (I-205)

<Acid Generator>

IX-1: Salt represented by formula (IX-1)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2007-161707 A)

IX-2: Salt represented by formula (IX-2)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2007-145824 A)

IX-3: Salt represented by formula (IX-3)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2008-074843 A)

<Quencher (C)>

D1: (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)

<Solvent>

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 265 parts  Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 20 parts 2-Heptanone 20 parts γ-Butyrolactone 3.5 parts 

<Production of Resist Pattern and Evaluation Thereof>

A composition for an organic antireflective film (ARC-29, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co. Ltd.) was applied onto a silicon wafer and baked under the conditions at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form a 78 nm thick organic antireflective film on the silicon wafer, and then the above resist composition was applied thereon by coating (spin coating) in such a manner that the thickness of the film after drying became 160 nm. The silicon wafer coated with the resist composition was pre-baked for 60 seconds on a direct hot plate at the temperature mentioned in the “PB” column in Table 2 to form a composition layer. The silicon wafer with the composition layer thus formed thereon was exposed through a mask for forming a line-and-space pattern (line-and-space pitch of 180 nm/line of 104 nm) stepwise with changing exposure dose using an ArF excimer laser stepper for immersion lithography (XT:1900Gi, manufactured by ASML Ltd.: NA=1.35, 3/4 Annular, XY-polarization). Ultrapure water was used for medium of immersion.

After exposure, post-exposure baking was performed on a hot plate for 60 seconds at the temperature mentioned in the “PEB” column in Table 2. Then, the composition layer on the silicon wafer was subjected to paddle development using an aqueous 2.38* by mass tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution as a developing solution for 60 seconds to obtain a resist pattern.

Effective sensitivity was represented as the exposure dose at which a line pattern with a width of 80 nm was obtained in the resist pattern thus obtained.

(Evaluation of Line Edge Roughness (LER))

A roughness width of irregularities in each wall surface of the obtained resist pattern was observed using a scanning electron microscope. This roughness width was shown in Table 3 as LER (nm).

TABLE 3 Resist composition LER (nm) Example 10 Composition 1 4.72 Example 11 Composition 2 4.81 Example 12 Composition 3 4.92 Example 13 Composition 4 4.68 Example 14 Composition 5 4.58 Example 15 Composition 6 4.62 Example 16 Composition 7 4.64 Example 17 Composition 8 4.61 Example 18 Composition 9 4.53 Comparative Comparative 5.06 Example 1 Composition 1 Comparative Comparative 5.08 Example 2 Composition 2 Comparative Comparative 5.04 Example 3 Composition 3

As compared with Comparative Compositions 1 to 3, Compositions 1 to 9 exhibited small roughness width of the irregularity in wall surface of a resist pattern, thus leading to satisfactory evaluation of the line edge roughness.

<Preparation of Resist Composition>

As shown in Table 4, the following components were mixed and the mixture thus obtained was filtered through a fluororesin filter having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm to prepare resist compositions.

TABLE 4 Resist Quencher composition Resin Acid generator Salt (I) (C) PB/PEB Composition 10 A3 = — I-1 = C1 = 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Composition 11 A3 = — I-9 = C1 = 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Composition 12 A3 = — I-203 = C1 = 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Composition 13 A3 = — I-204 = C1 = 100° C./130° C. 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Comparative A3 = IX-1 = — C1 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 4 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Comparative A3 = IX-2 = — C1 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 5 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts Comparative A3 = IX-3 = — C1 = 100° C./130° C. Composition 6 10 parts 1.5 parts 0.35 parts

<Resin>

A3: Resin A3

<Salt (I)>

I-1: Salt represented by formula (I-1)

I-9: Salt represented by formula (I-9)

I-203: Salt represented by formula (I-203)

I-204: Salt represented by formula (I-204)

<Acid Generator>

IX-1: Salt represented by formula (IX-1)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2007-161707 A)

IX-2: Salt represented by formula (IX-2)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2007-145824 A)

IX-3: Salt represented by formula (IX-3)(synthesized in accordance with Examples of JP 2008-074843 A)

<Quencher (C)>

C1: synthesized by the method mentioned in JP 2011-39502 A

<Solvent (E)>

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 400 parts Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 100 parts γ-Butyrolactone  5 parts (Evaluation of Exposure of Resist Composition with Electron Beam)

Each 6 inch-diameter silicon wafer was treated with hexamethyldisilazane and then baked on a direct hot plate at 90° C. for 60 seconds. A resist composition was spin-coated on the silicon wafer in such a manner that the thickness of the composition later became 0.04 μm. The coated silicon wafer was prebaked on the direct hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PB” of Table 4 for 60 seconds. Using an electron-beam direct-write system (“ELS-F125 125 keV”, manufactured by ELIONIX INC.), line-and-space patterns (pitch of 60 nm/line width of 30 nm) were directly written on the composition layer formed on the wafer while changing the exposure dose stepwise.

After the exposure, post-exposure baking was performed on the hot plate at the temperature shown in the column “PEB” of Table 4 for 60 seconds, followed by paddle development with an aqueous 2.38% by mass tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution for 60 seconds to obtain a resist pattern.

The resist pattern (line-and-space pattern) thus obtained was observed by a scanning electron microscope and effective sensitivity was defined as the exposure dose at which a ratio of a line width to a space pattern of a line-and-space pattern with a pitch of 60 nm became 1:1 was obtained.

Evaluation of Line Edge Roughness (LER): Line edge roughness was determined by measuring a roughness width of the irregularity in wall surface of a resist pattern produced by the effective sensitivity using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Resist composition LER Example 19 Composition 10 3.97 Example 20 Composition 11 3.76 Example 21 Composition 12 3.88 Example 22 Composition 13 3.82 Comparative Comparative 4.28 Example 4 Composition 4 Comparative Comparative 4.32 Example 5 Composition 5 Comparative Comparative 4.08 Example 6 Composition 6

As compared with Comparative Compositions 4 to 6, Compositions 10 to 13 exhibited small roughness width of the irregularity in wall surface of a resist pattern, thus leading to satisfactory evaluation of the line edge roughness.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A salt of the present invention and a resist composition including the salt exhibit satisfactory line edge roughness and are useful for fine processing of semiconductors. 

1. A salt represented by formula (I):

wherein, in formula (I), Q¹ and Q² each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R¹ and R² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, z represents an integer of 0 to 6, and when z is 2 or more, a plurality of R¹ and R² may be the same or different form each other, X¹ represents *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, *—O—CO—O— or *—O—, where * represents a bonding site to C(R¹)(R²) or C(Q¹)(Q²), L¹ represents a single bond or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 28 carbon atoms, and —CH₂— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—, A¹ represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—, R^(a) represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and when R^(a) is an aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group has at least one halogen atom, and Z⁺ represents an organic cation.
 2. The salt according to claim 1, wherein X¹ represents *—CO—O— or *—O—CO—, where * represents a bonding site to C(R¹)(R²) or C(Q¹)(Q²).
 3. The salt according to claim 1, wherein L¹ is a single bond, an alkanediyl group, where —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, or a group obtained by combining an alkanediyl group and an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, where —CH₂— included in the alkanediyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, and —CH₂— included in the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO₂— or —CO—.
 4. The salt according to claim 1, wherein R^(a) is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxy group.
 5. An acid generator comprising the salt according to claim
 1. 6. A resist composition comprising the acid generator according to claim 5 and a resin having an acid-labile group.
 7. The resist composition according to claim 6, wherein a structural unit having an acid-labile group has at least two types of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2):

wherein, in formula (a1-1) and formula (a1-2), L^(a7) and L^(a2) each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH₂)_(k1)—CO—O—, k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, and * represents a bond to —CO—, R^(a4) and R^(a5) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R^(a6) and R^(a7) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by combining these groups, m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and n1′ represents an integer of 0 to
 3. 8. The resist composition according to claim 6, wherein the resin having an acid-labile group further includes a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A):

wherein, in formula (a2-A), R^(a50) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom, R^(a51) represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an acryloyloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group, A^(a50) represents a single bond or *—X^(a51)-(A^(a52)-X^(a52))_(nb)—, and * represents a bonding site to a carbon atom to which —R^(a50) is bonded, A^(a52) represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X^(a51) and X^(a52) each independently represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—, nb represents 0 or 1, and mb represents an integer of 0 to 4, and when mb is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R^(a51) may be the same or different form each other.
 9. The resist composition according to claim 6, further comprising a salt generating an acid having an acidity lower than that of an acid generated from the acid generator.
 10. The resist composition according to claim 6, further comprising a resin including a structural unit having a fluorine atom.
 11. A method for producing a resist pattern, which comprises: (1) a step of applying, on a substrate, the resist composition according to claim 6, (2) a step of drying the applied composition to form a composition layer, (3) a step of exposing the composition layer, (4) a step of heating the exposed composition layer, and (5) a step of developing the heated composition layer. 